{"id":1143,"date":"2019-10-08T13:56:13","date_gmt":"2019-10-08T13:56:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.ego-gw.eu\/ilritmodellospazio\/?page_id=1143"},"modified":"2019-10-08T14:00:26","modified_gmt":"2019-10-08T14:00:26","slug":"woa-marconi","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.ego-gw.eu\/ilritmodellospazio\/woa-marconi\/","title":{"rendered":"woa-marconi"},"content":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ custom_padding_last_edited=”off|desktop” admin_label=”Header” _builder_version=”3.24″ background_color_gradient_direction=”188deg” background_image=”https:\/\/sites.ego-gw.eu\/ilritmodellospazio\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/10\/art-gallery-55.jpg” background_size=”initial” background_repeat=”repeat” width=”100%” custom_padding_tablet=”5vw||5vw||true” fb_built=”1″ _i=”0″ _address=”0″][et_pb_row custom_padding_last_edited=”off|phone” _builder_version=”3.25″ background_position=”bottom_center” custom_padding_tablet=”17vw||17vw||false” use_custom_width=”on” width_unit=”off” custom_width_percent=”100%” locked=”off” _i=”0″ _address=”0.0″][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” _i=”0″ _address=”0.0.0″ custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.29.3″ text_font=”||||||||” header_font=”||||||||” header_2_font=”Verdana|500|||||||” header_2_text_align=”left” header_2_font_size=”56px” header_2_line_height=”1.3em” transform_translate_linked=”off” max_width=”100%” max_width_tablet=”70%” max_width_last_edited=”off|phone” header_2_font_size_tablet=”40px” header_2_font_size_phone=”26px” header_2_font_size_last_edited=”on|desktop” _i=”0″ _address=”0.0.0.0″]<\/p>\n

Works<\/h2>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_6,1_6,1_6,1_6,1_6,1_6″ _builder_version=”3.29.3″ _i=”1″ _address=”0.1″][et_pb_column type=”1_6″ _builder_version=”3.29.3″ _i=”0″ _address=”0.1.0″][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/sites.ego-gw.eu\/ilritmodellospazio\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/10\/eng_flag.jpg” url=”#en_marconi” align=”center” _builder_version=”3.29.3″ width=”35%” width_tablet=”25%” width_phone=”15%” width_last_edited=”on|desktop” module_alignment=”center” _i=”0″ _address=”0.1.0.0″][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_6″ _builder_version=”3.29.3″ _i=”1″ _address=”0.1.1″][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/sites.ego-gw.eu\/ilritmodellospazio\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/10\/italian_flag-1-150×150.png” url=”#it_marconi” align=”center” _builder_version=”3.29.3″ width=”35%” width_tablet=”25%” width_phone=”15%” width_last_edited=”on|phone” _i=”0″ _address=”0.1.1.0″][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_6″ _builder_version=”3.29.3″ _i=”2″ _address=”0.1.2″][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_6″ _builder_version=”3.29.3″ _i=”3″ _address=”0.1.3″][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_6″ _builder_version=”3.29.3″ _i=”4″ _address=”0.1.4″][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_6″ _builder_version=”3.29.3″ _i=”5″ _address=”0.1.5″][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”3_4,1_4″ _builder_version=”3.25″ _i=”2″ _address=”0.2″][et_pb_column type=”3_4″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” _i=”0″ _address=”0.2.0″ custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text module_id=”en_marconi” _builder_version=”3.29.3″ _i=”0″ _address=”0.2.0.0″]<\/p>\n

Marconi Nobel Lecture<\/strong><\/h1>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

The Art and Science of constructing Electromagnetic antennas<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

After a few preliminary experiments with Hertzian waves I became convinced, that if these waves or similar waves could be reliably transmitted and received over considerable distances a new system of communication would become available possessing enormous advantages over flash-lights and optical methods, which are so much dependent for their success on the clearness of the atmosphere\u2026<\/p>\n

In August 1895 I discovered a new arrangement which not only greatly increased the distance over which I could communicate, but also seemed to make the transmission independent from the effects of intervening obstacles.. the main feature in my system consisted in the use of elevated capacity areas or antennae attached to one pole of the high frequency oscillators and receivers, the other pole of which was earthed. After numerous tests and demonstrations \u2026 communication was established for the first time across the English Channel between England and France\u00a0 in March 1899.<\/p>\n

With regard to the presumed obstacle of the curvature of the Earth, I am\u00a0 of opinion that those who anticipated difficulties in consequence of the shape of our planet had not taken sufficient account of the particular effect of the earth connection to both transmitter and receiver, which earth connection introduced effects of conduction which were generally at that time over- looked.<\/p>\n

Another\u00a0 result of scientific interest which I first noticed during the tests on S.S. “Philadelphia” and which is a most important factor in long distance radio-telegraphy, was the very marked and detrimental effect of daylight on the propagation of electric waves at great distances, the range by night being usually more than double that attainable during daytime. I am now inclined to believe that the absorption of electric waves during\u00a0\u00a0 the daytime is due to the electrons propagated\u00a0 into\u00a0 space\u00a0 by the sun, and that if these are continually falling like a shower upon the earth, in accordance\u00a0\u00a0 with the hypothesis of Prof. Arrhenius, then that portion of the Earth\u2019s atmosphere which is facing the sun will have in it more electrons than the part which is not facing the sun, and therefore it may be less transparent to electric waves.<\/p>\n

It is also possible to cause the groups of oscillations radiated to reproduce a high and clear musical note in a receiver, thereby making it easy to differentiate between the signals emanating from the sending station and noises caused by atmospheric electrical discharges. By this method very efficient resonance can be also obtained in appropriately designed receivers.<\/p>\n

However great may be the importance of wireless telegraphy to ships and shipping, I believe it is destined to an equal position of importance in furnishing efficient and economical communication between distant parts of the\u00a0 world and in connecting European countries with their colonies and with America. As a matter of fact, I am at the present time erecting a very large power station for the Italian Government at Coltano, for the purpose of communicating with the Italian colonies in East Africa, and with South America.<\/p>\n

Guglielmo Marconi
Nobel Lecture, December 11, 1909<\/p>\n

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Marconi Nobel Lecture<\/strong><\/h1>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

L’arte e la scienza della costruzione di antenne elettromagnetiche<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

Dopo alcune esperienze preliminari con le onde hertziane io mi convinsi rapidamente che, se fosse stato possibile trasmettere e ricevere in modo sicuro ed a distanze considerevoli queste onde o altre simili, si sarebbe realizzato un nuovo sistema di comunicazioni dotato di grandissimi vantaggi di fronte ai metodi a lampi di luce ed ottici, la cui pratica utilizzazione \u00e8 tanto subordinata alle favorevoli condizioni atmosferiche.<\/p>\n

Nell\u2019agosto 1895 scopersi un nuovo dispositivo che, non soltanto aument\u00f2 notevolmente la distanza alla quale potevo comunicare, ma sembr\u00f2 anche rendere la trasmissione indipendente dagli effetti degli ostacoli interposti.<\/p>\n

Nel nuovo circuito, uno dei terminali dell’oscillatore di Hertz o produttore di scintille era connesso alla terra e l\u2019altro a un conduttore o ad una superficie capacitativa posta ad una certa altezza al di sopra del terreno; anche al ricevitore uno dei terminali del coesore era connesso alla terra e l\u2019altro ad un conduttore elevato.<\/p>\n

Dopo numerose prove e dimostrazioni\u2026 fu stabilita per la prima volta nel marzo 1899 una comunicazione fra l\u2019Inghilterra e la Francia attraverso il canale della Manica.<\/p>\n

Per quanto concerne il presunto ostacolo della curvatura della terra, io sono d\u2019avviso che coloro che hanno visto nella forma del nostro pianeta una causa di difficolt\u00e0 per le radiotrasmissioni non hanno tenuto sufficiente conto del fatto che le connessioni con la terra, sia del trasmettitore sia del ricevitore, generano degli effetti di conduzione a quel tempo non tenuti in giusto valore<\/p>\n

Un risultato d\u2019interesse scientifico, che io per primo constatai nel corso delle esperienze a bordo del piroscafo Philadelphia, e che costituisce un elemento molto importante nella radiotelegrafia a grande distanza, fu l’effetto molto marcato e dannoso della luce del giorno sulla propagazione delle onde elettriche a grande distanza. La portata delle onde durante la notte risult\u00f2 pi\u00f9 che doppia di quella ottenuta durante il giorno. Ritengo che questo fenomeno non sia ancora stato sufficientemente studiato e spiegato. Quando intrapresi le esperienze io ritenevo che il fenomeno fosse dovuto a perdite di energia al trasmettitore, causate dalla diselettrificazione dell\u2019antenna, fortemente caricata, sotto l\u2019azione della luce solare. Oggi io sono incline a pensare che l\u2019assorbimento delle onde elet-triche durante le ore del giorno sia dovuto agli elettroni diffusi nello spazio dal sole, e che se, secondo l\u2019ipotesi del prof. Arrhenius, questi elettroni cadono continuamente come una pioggia sulla terra, quella parte dell\u2019atmosfera terrestre esposta verso il sole contiene pi\u00f9 elettroni che non la parte opposta e pu\u00f2 quindi essere meno trasparente alle onde elettriche.<\/p>\n

In questo modo \u00e8 anche possibile far s\u00ec che i gruppi di oscillazioni irradiate riproducano una nota musicale alta e chiara nel ricevitore, facilitando cos\u00ec la distinzione tra segnali trasmessi dalla stazione emittente e rumori causati dalle scariche elettriche atmosferiche.<\/p>\n

Per quanto grande possa essere l\u2019importanza della telegrafia senza fili per le navi e la navigazione, io credo che essa sia destinata ad avere un\u2019importanza per lo meno eguale come mezzo di comunicazione efficiente ed economico fra parti distanti del mondo e in special modo tra i paesi d\u2019Europa, le loro Colonie, e l\u2019America. In questo momento sto appunto procedendo all\u2019erezione di una stazione di grandissima potenza per il Governo italiano a Coltano. Questa stazione \u00e8 destinata alle comunicazioni con le Colonie italiane dell\u2019Africa Orientale e con il Sud-America.<\/p>\n

Guglielmo Marconi
Nobel Lecture, 11 dicembre, 1909<\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Guglielmo Marconi (1874-1937) and the birth of radio<\/em><\/p>\n

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MUSEO DELLA GRAFICA<\/h3>\n

Palazzo Lanfranchi
Lungarno Galilei, 9
56125 Pisa – Italia
https:\/\/museodellagrafica.sma.unipi.it\/<\/a><\/p>\n

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Open Hours<\/h3>\n

Monday – Sunday: 9am \u2013 8pm<\/p>\n

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Follow\u00a0<\/h3>\n

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WorksMarconi Nobel Lecture The Art and Science of constructing Electromagnetic antennas After a few preliminary experiments with Hertzian waves I became convinced, that if these waves or similar waves could be reliably transmitted and received over considerable distances a new system of communication would become available possessing enormous advantages over flash-lights and optical methods, which […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1143","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nwoa-marconi - Il Ritmo Dello Spazio<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.ego-gw.eu\/ilritmodellospazio\/woa-marconi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"woa-marconi - 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